Nice case report in AJKD recently raised the issue of Type B Lactic Acidosis. Lactic acidosis occurs when there is excessive anaerobic glycolysis or decreased removal of lactate from the circulation. Classically, Type A lactic acidosis is related to tissue hypoperfusion resulting in an increase in anaerobic glycolysis. Type B lactic acidosis occurs despite the presence of sufficient oxygen for aerobic glycolysis. There are a number of important causes:
The case report in AJKD was a patient with myeloma who developed a severe lactic acidosis. The preference of tumor cells for anaerobic glycolysis has been known since the 1920s and is called the Warburg Effect. It is thought to be due to a combination of increased IGF and TGF-alpha production by tumor cells and thiamine deficiency which is common in patients with malignancies. The discussion in the case report gives a nice summary of the literature.
Drugs/Toxins
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Metformin
Linezolid
Propofol
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Salicylates
Isoniazid
Alcohol
Cyanide
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Enzyme Deficiencies
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Glucose-6-phosphatase
Pyruvate carboxylate
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Oxidative Phosphorylation Defects
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Other Disorders
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Kidney Failure
Liver Failure
Thiamine Deficiency
Malignancy
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The case report in AJKD was a patient with myeloma who developed a severe lactic acidosis. The preference of tumor cells for anaerobic glycolysis has been known since the 1920s and is called the Warburg Effect. It is thought to be due to a combination of increased IGF and TGF-alpha production by tumor cells and thiamine deficiency which is common in patients with malignancies. The discussion in the case report gives a nice summary of the literature.
Interesting, but the Warburg effect describes the phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis: the dependence of tumour cells on high rates of relatively inefficient glycolysis to meet their energy requirements even in the presence of a normal oxygen tension which would permit oxidative phosphorylation in normal cells.
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